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The Great American Songbook, also known as "American Standards", is the canon of the most important and influential American popular songs and jazz standards from the early 20th century. It includes the most popular and enduring songs from the 1920s to the 1950s that were created for Broadway theatre, musical theatre, and Hollywood musical film. They have been recorded and performed by a large number and wide range of singers, instrumental bands, and jazz musicians. The Songbook comprises standards by George Gershwin, Cole Porter, and Irving Berlin, and also Jerome Kern, Harold Arlen, Johnny Mercer, Richard Rodgers, and others. 〔http://www.thecenterfortheperformingarts.org/Great-American-Songbook-Inititative/About-the-Great-American-Songbook〕〔http://www.npr.org/2015/02/21/387985056/after-an-education-in-american-jazz-a-musician-tackles-the-turkish-songbook〕〔https://scholarworks.iu.edu/dspace/handle/2022/14076/browse?value=Great+American+Songbook%2C+Kern%2C+Berlin%2C+Gershwin%2C+Rodgers%2C+Porter%2C+Arlen&type=subject〕〔 *http://www.nytimes.com/2015/02/15/books/review/the-b-side-by-ben-yagoda.html?_r=0 *https://books.google.com/books?id=vScAAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA74 *http://www.live365.com/stations/classicmovieman〕 Although the songs have never gone out of style among traditional and jazz singers and musicians, a renewed popular interest in the Great American Songbook beginning in the 1970s has led a growing number of rock and pop singers to take an interest and issue recordings of them. ==Definition== There is no consensus on which songs are in the "Great American Songbook." Several music publishing companies, including Hal Leonard,〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.halleonard.com/product/viewproduct.do?itemid=311365&lid=311365&&viewtype=songlist )〕 J. W. Pepper & Son,〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.jwpepper.com/10449093.item#.Va1GUvlViko )〕 and Alfred Music,〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.alfred.com/Browse/Categories/Genre/GreatAmericanSongbook.aspx )〕 sell music under the name "Great American Songbook." Alfred Music lists the Songbook as its own genre. Music critics have attempted to develop a "canon." For example, in Alec Wilder's 1972 study, ''American Popular Song: The Great Innovators, 1900–1950'', the songwriter and critic lists and ranks the artists he believes belong to the Great American Songbook canon. A composer, Wilder emphasized analysis of composers and their creative efforts in this work. Wilder devotes whole chapters to only six composers: Jerome Kern, Irving Berlin, George Gershwin, Richard Rodgers, Cole Porter and Harold Arlen. Vincent Youmans and Arthur Schwartz share a chapter; Burton Lane, Hugh Martin and Vernon Duke are covered together in another. Wilder uses a chapter to explore songwriters and composers he deemed "The Great Craftsmen": Hoagy Carmichael, Walter Donaldson, Harry Warren, Isham Jones, Jimmy McHugh, Duke Ellington, Fred Ahlert, Richard A. Whiting, Ray Noble, John Green, Rube Bloom and Jimmy Van Heusen. Wilder concludes with a catch-all 67-page chapter entitled "Outstanding Individual Songs: 1920 to 1950," which includes additional individual songs which he considers memorable. From some perspectives, the Songbook era ended with the advent of rock and roll; Wilder ends with 1950. Radio personality and Songbook devotee Jonathan Schwartz has described this genre as "America's classical music". What makes these songs classic is their lasting value. In structure, musical content, phrasing and details of composition, they remain close to classical music, the difference being context and a greater emphasis on rhythm and closeness to speech rather than pure singing. The biggest threat to this music has been the long period in which there were no variety shows in which new songs could be introduced to the public, and the declining use of songs in movies, as well as the expansion of commercial rock and pop influence on Broadway shows, which first succeeded in the rock musical ''Hair'' in 1967, with continued influence seen most strongly in musicals like the 1996 ''Rent'' and the 2014 ''Hamilton'' which successfully incorporated Hip-Hop. In the 1970s-'90s, songs were introduced that may qualify for the Songbook by Henry Mancini, Michel Legrand, the lyricists Alan and Marilyn Bergman, Johnny Mandel and many other composers still active, especially in Hollywood. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Great American Songbook」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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